The primary objectives of this effort are (1) to develop and test analytical protocols for analyzing the concentration and mineralogy of rare earth elements in coal-related materials using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy; (2) to develop a field-portable system for LIBS and Raman analysis of rare earth elements (REE) in coal-related material; and (3) to analyze the concentration and mineralogy of REE in a variety of coal-related materials principally from New Mexico coal deposits. The project is divided into two tasks. In task 1 the team will construct a field-portable prototype unit for LIBS/Raman analysis of REE in coal-related materials; field test and demonstrate the unit at New Mexico field sites; revise analytical protocols as applicable. In task 2 the team will develop analytical methods specific to the quantification of REE in various coal-related materials, developing a broader database on REE concentrations and physical forms in a variety of coal-related materials.