Monitoring of corrosion in harsh environments—including pipelines, wellbores and wells, geological formations, and underwater/subsurface offshore reserves—is important for a range of fossil energy related applications. These applications include unconventional, deep, and ultra-deep oil and natural gas resource recovery through drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques; environmental monitoring in reservoirs for CO2 storage; and transmission and delivery of natural gas through the existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure. Subsurface conditions are challenging environments for development and deployment of sensing technologies due to a combination of extreme temperatures and/or pressures, as well as the presence of potential high salinity and chemically corrosive substances.
Traditional technologies, such as electrochemical-based sensors, are not suitable for use in environments with intense pressures, temperatures and corrosive potential. Moreover, conventional sensors often fail due to instabilities associated with packaging, wires, and interconnects. Additionally, current sensing approaches are not ideally suited for wide area monitoring due to the need for a direct electrical connection at the sensing location. New sensing approaches that permit monitoring over wide areas are critically needed.
The sensing methods under development eliminate these concerns while offering safety advantages and compatibility with scalable semiconductor-based manufacturing techniques. Additionally, these advanced sensor platforms that are capable of wireless and distributed early corrosion detection. Deployment of sensors using this technology will allow for embedded, real-time, remote corrosion sensing capabilities in extreme subsurface environments.
