Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, in partnership with Arizona State University and Headwaters Resources Inc., will develop a process that utilizes coal combustion and iron and steel processing wastes as reactants for scalable carbon dioxide (CO2) mineralization. The process will produce a CO2-negative construction material with mechanical and functional properties that are equivalent, if not superior, to traditional ordinary Portland cement-based concrete. The process design includes an integrated process solution for existing coal-fired power plants to produce "upcycled concrete." The process coordinates aspects of calcium leaching, calcium hydroxide precipitation, slurry formulation, structural shape-stabilization, and CO2 mineralization, while maximizing CO2 uptake. The production process design will minimize the need for extrinsic energy by utilizing flue gas from existing coal-fired power plants in two ways: as a heat transfer fluid and as a source of CO2. The heat from the flue gas will facilitate temperature-swing-based calcium hydroxide precipitation and accelerate the carbonation kinetics. The CO2 present in the flue gas will be systematically consumed by mineralization. The entire process is designed for scalable operations, in high-throughput mode using "off-the-shelf" components, thereby facilitating and accelerating commercial trials and deployment.