Monitoring, Verification, Accounting, and Assessment Archives Project Portfolio
Subsurface Monitoring developed tools needed to: (1) track the movement of the injected CO2 plume through the storage reservoir, (2) define the lateral extent and boundaries of the plume, (3) track associated pressure changes and other physical property changes in the reservoir, to identify possible release pathways that will inform future monitoring efforts, and (4) demonstrate long-term stability of the CO2 plume.
Near-Surface Monitoring focused on research to develop near-surface monitoring tools, for detecting possible releases of CO2 in the vadose zone and in shallow groundwater formations, includes surface displacement monitoring and ecosystem stress monitoring, which may also indicate elevated CO2 levels above storage reservoirs.
Atmospheric Monitoring addressed the need for tools to identify and quantify possible releases of CO2 from the surface into the atmosphere from underground storage reservoirs.
Intelligent Monitoring combined real-time data collection, site-specific and project-specific data analysis and interpretation, and injection control. Such systems need to integrate diverse data from atmospheric, near-surface, and subsurface monitoring networks and convert these data into meaningful and actionable information.
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