NETL researchers have developed a way to use metallic tubular structures as waveguides for RF/microwave electromagnetic radiation over relatively long distances. The NETL technology uses a patch antenna in the integrated system for RF launching and receiving and to power the passive sensors at the interior. The amplitude of the RFs propagated into the pipes, without needing wireless devices, can also be monitored in transmitted or backscattered configuration and correlated with the interior structure changes. The technology also uses passive wireless SAW sensors at the interior of the pipelines to monitor variety of physical parameters, corrosion, as well as chemical species at localized levels. They are passive micro transponder devices that offer real-time monitoring and are stable over a range of environmental conditions. The RFs propagated into the pipes excite SAWs on a piezoelectric substrate. A change in physical environment or chemistry phase induces a change in the SAW velocity and amplitude, which can be measured in terms of frequency/phase or attenuation and related to the original cause. For pipeline applications, an array of SAW sensors can be developed in a single chip and operated using single RF excitation for monitoring. The obtained data, with or without passive wireless sensors, can be integrated within an appropriate data analytical modeling tool or system to allow for real-time monitoring and identification of failures or incidents before they occur.

Advantages

The present invention allows for application of advanced RF and microwave interrogation methodologies to metallic tubular structures such as boiler-tubes, pipes, and well-bores for enabling unprecedented capabilities for asset health monitoring. Advantages include:

• Integration of advanced antenna and telemetry designs such as patch antennas and patch antenna arrays with tubular metallic structures such as boiler-tubes, pipelines, and well-bore environments for efficient coupling of propagating RF / microwave electromagnetic radiation within the guided modes of the structure.
• Application of similar antenna and telemetry designs for RF / microwave detection systems that allow for efficient monitoring of launched electromagnetic radiation in either a transmitted or backscattered configuration.
• Integration of passive, wireless sensors (such as SAW sensors) within the tubular structures for monitoring local conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, corrosion, phase chemistry, leak).
• Excitation and interrogation of the integrated passive, wireless sensors integrated at interior of the tubular structures with the propagating RF / microwave electromagnetic radiation.