As advanced fossil energy systems progress towards higher efficiencies and ultra-low emissions, the conditions under which fuel is converted to power are becoming increasingly harsh (i.e., pressure, temperature, and corrosivity increases), leading to accelerated rates of degradation and failure of materials and components. A reliable and long-term monitoring capability will contribute to the overall reliability of the combustion turbine; however, real-time component condition monitoring in an industrial gas turbine presents significant technical challenges in several key technology development areas. To meet the need for continuous monitoring, Siemens and its key partner Arkansas Power Electronics will develop an innovative, real-time sensor integrated component monitoring concept in the combustion turbine for long-term engine operation.